The history of Haiti


The recorded written history of Haiti began on 5 December 1492 when the European navigator Christohphor Columbus happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean.

  It was inhabited by the Taino, and Arawakan people, who variously called their island Ayiti, Bohio, or Kiskeya (Quisqueya). Columbus promptly claimed the island for the Spanish Crown, naming it La Isla Española ("the Spanish Island"), later Latinized to Hispaniolaze. French influence began in 1625, and French control of what was calledSaint Domingue—modern-day Haiti—began in 1660. 

 From 1697 on, the western part of the island was French and the eastern part was Spanish. Haiti became one of the wealthiest of France's colonies, producing vast quantities of sugar and coffee and depending on a brutal slave system for the necessary labor. Inspired by the message of the French Revolution, Haitian slaves rose up in revolt in 1791 and after decades of struggle the independent republic of Haiti was officially proclaimed in 1804.


- Papa Doc: Dr. François Duvalier, also known as "Papa Doc," was the president of Haiti from 1957 to 1971. His regime was notorious for its autocratic and corrupt rule. 

- Voodoo religion: Vodou is a creolized religion forged by descendents of Dahomean, Kongo, Yoruba, and other African ethnic groups who had been enslaved and brought to colonial Saint-Domingue (as Haiti was known then) and Christianized by Roman Catholics missionaries in the 16th and 17th centuries. The word Vodou means “spirit” or “deity” in the Fon language of the African kingdom of Dahomey (now Benin).

Boukman: an early leader of the Haitain revolution enslaved in Jamaica and later in Haiti. He is considered to have been both a leader of maroon and vodou hougan 

Baby Doc:  the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in 1986. He succeeded his father François "Papa Doc" Duvalier as the ruler of Haiti after his death in 1971.

Timeline:

- Jean Jacques declares independence and names the Country of Haiti in 1804

 - Haiti finally has independence in (1862) (first country ever in that region)

 - Haitian Revolution (1791-1804)

 - Pierre Boyer unifies Haiti but excludes blacks from power. (1818-1843)

- Haiti divided into two parts, the Republic of Haiti and the Kingdom of Haiti (1807)

 - The United States invaded Haiti. (1915)

 - The United States withdraws the troops. (1934)

 - Voodoo Physician Francios “Papa Doc” seizes power from military power.
Papa Doc Francois Duvalier was the president from 1957 to 1971.
He served as minister of health and labor. (1956 )

 -  19years old Baby Doc in charge (1971-1986)

 -  Leslie Manigat becomes president and the government is under military’s control. (1988)

- Jean Bertrand Aristide elected president in Haiti first, free and peaceful polls. (1990)

-  New government is named Serious Political deadlock. (1997-99)













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